X-Ray Technology Could Be Viable Alternative To Kill Pathogens

Research conducted by Dr. Barakat Mahmoud at Mississippi State University lends further credence to irradiation as another line of defense against foodborne illness.

Specifically, Dr. Mahmoud’s research found that x-ray irradiation killed harmful bacteria in certain foods without affecting the quality or freshness of the food, and the elimination of the bacteria even extended the food’s shelf life.

Through x-ray irradiation, Dr. Mahmoud eliminated the Vibrio bacteria from oysters without altering the quality of the food in any other way. In addition to seafood, Dr. Mahmoud’s research also focused on produce. Here too, x-rays destroyed the harmful bacteria in leafy greens but left the greens fresh and nutritious. Notably, leafy greens were deemed the riskiest food regulated by the FDA in 2009.

The notion of food irradiation has been around for quite some time, but it is not without limitations. X-ray irradiation, however, in comparison to gamma ray and electron beam radiation, may offer more promise. First, consumers are wary of irradiated foods even though irradiation has proven extremely safe. Dr. Mahmoud hopes consumers will feel more secure with x-ray technology since it is more familiar to them.

Second, the introduction of most types of irradiation into the food manufacturing process is not easily accomplished. Dr. Mahmoud does believe that x-ray irradiation “can be effectively used in large-scale commercial operations,” however, and is presenting his research across the country. Indeed, one advantage of x-ray irradiation is that it can be accomplished at the manufacturing facility, whereas some other technologies require trucking products to another location.

In any event, we send our thanks to the scientists, educators, government agencies and food manufacturers who continue their efforts to research new technologies -- like x-ray irradiation -- to help make the food we eat as safe as it can be.

E. coli O157:H7 Cases Decline In 2009, Meeting 2010 Healthy People Goals

According to the CDC, incidence rates of E. coli O157:H7 decreased significantly in 2009 from recent averages, reaching the lowest level since 2004.

Moreover, for the first time, the number of reported cases actually fell below the federal 2010 Healthy People target of less than one case per 100,000 people.

As explained by Dr. David Goldman, assistant administrator of the FSIS Office of Public Health Science, the report “confirms our success in combating food-borne illness by setting an aggressive goal, designing an effective system to meet that goal, and [then] relentlessly implementing it.”

The most recent food-borne illness incidence data was collected and analyzed through FoodNet, a collaborative project including the CDC, USDA, FDA and various state health departments. FoodNet conducts active surveillance for nine pathogens, including Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Yersinia. Click on the following link to learn how food-borne illnesses are tracked.

According to Dr. Chris Braden of the CDC, "the report indicates that there have been reductions in illness caused by many of these pathogens." Braden further explained that, “since FoodNet began surveillance in 1996, . . . [most] of the pathogens that we track have all declined."

And, while E. coli O157:H7 and shigella cases showed encouraging recent declines, the federal targets for Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella and Vibrio have not yet been met. Vibrio infections, for instance, increased by 85 percent compared with the first three years of surveillance, and Salmonella fell short of the goal.

Many Vibrio infections result from eating raw or undercooked shellfish, especially oysters. In turn, Salmonella is often difficult to combat because it can originate and spread from a wide variety of foods and environmental sources. In addition to foods, Salmonella has been associated with animals like baby chicks, small turtles, reptiles and frogs. And, as noted, while incidence levels for campylobacter and listeria continued to decline significantly, they still did not meet "Healthy People" targets.

In addition to the expected Senate passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act next month, the FDA is also moving forward with additional food safety initiatives aimed at decreasing food-borne illness. Dr. Jeff Farrar, the FDA’s associate commissioner for food protection, noted that the agency is still pursuing new requirements aimed at reducing the incidence of Salmonella during shell egg production. These initiatives are expected to become effective this summer, while FDA also works to develop a proposed rule which will likely include risk-based safety standards for produce.

If we are really serious about reducing food-borne illness, however, such initiatives and regulations are only one part of the overall equation. Much greater progress can likely be achieved – more quickly – if more consumers recognize the importance of properly handling and preparing raw animal foods. If all consumers can be educated to assume raw chicken, meat and eggs carry bacteria that can cause illness, to take additional precautions to avoid cross-contamination, and to cook all raw animal products to a safe temperature, consumers can significantly reduce their risk of becoming ill.

In this regard, better “Educated People” will more quickly and readily translate into far more “Healthy People.”

Federal Court Dismisses Lawsuit Attempting To Link Hot Dogs To Cancer

A federal judge has dismissed a lawsuit filed last July by the vegan advocacy group Cancer Project asserting that hot dogs cause cancer.

The Cancer Project originally filed claims against several hot dog manufacturers on behalf of three New Jersey residents who alleged they were exposed to carcinogens by eating hot dogs — even though none of the plaintiffs had actually developed cancer.

In addition to money damages, the lawsuit also sought an order requiring hot dogs to bear the following label: “Warning: Consuming hot dogs and other processed meats increases the risk of cancer.”

Although a few studies have attempted to link processed meats with an increased risk of cancer by focusing on the potential health effects of nitrites used as preservatives, the fact remains that nitrates occur naturally in fruits and have actually been proven to improve health in many ways. In turn, numerous additional scientific studies, including one from Harvard University in 2004, have found no link between meat consumption and an increased cancer risk.

Concerned about the potentially frivolous nature of the claims, and citing the lack of scientific support for the allegations, the hot dog manufacturers promptly filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. On March 18, 2010, Judge Jose Linares, of the United States Federal District Court for the District of New Jersey, granted the motion and dismissed the case in its entirety.

"We are pleased that the court moved quickly and dismissed this lawsuit," said J. Patrick Boyle, president of the American Meat Institute. As explained by Boyle, Meat products are regulated and inspected by the USDA and bear the federal government's seal of inspection, showing they are wholesome and nutritious.”

And, Boyle is not the only authority on the matter. According to the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, processed meat and poultry products — including hot dogs — can be, and often are, a healthy part of a balanced (and, frankly, tasty) diet.

Hawaii Recognized For Quality Of Food-Borne Illness Investigations

According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), Hawaii ranks among the top states for food-borne illness surveillance, investigation and reporting. Other leading states include Maine, Kansas, Wyoming, Vermont, Alaska and North Dakota. Minnesota and Oregon are also regarded as having strong surveillance systems as well.

While many states ranked very high, however, some problems do remain.

According to CSPI, “some states may not have enough investigators or the money to train and equip their staff, which can lead to lower-quality investigations.” In addition to affecting the quality of such investigations, these and other limitations can also lead to mistaken conclusions regarding the source or cause of an outbreak.

CSPI also reports, however, the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, which passed in the House of Representatives and is now pending in the Senate, will likely help improve national surveillance capabilities. If passed, the Act would require FDA to improve coordination between federal, state and local surveillance systems; develop a national network of laboratories; and improve epidemiological tools available to the states. The bill would also integrate food-borne illness surveillance with other bio-surveillance capabilities

Thus, as we strive to improve the safety of our food, as well as the ability of our food safety system to accurately detect and resolve emerging problems, we send our congratulations to the hard-working professionals in Hawaii and other states who are leading the way.

Consumers vs. Companies: Are We Each REALLY Doing Our Part To Prevent Food-Borne Illness?

Having visited numerous federally inspected meat processing plants, I can personally say that most of these facilities are far more sanitary than the average consumer kitchen.

Really, you ask? Is this possible? Well, yes. It is. And, it’s really pretty simple.

When was the last time, for instance, you steam cleaned your kitchen floor? How about the kitchen ceiling? How about the countertops? The cabinets? Both inside and out? How about the cabinet handles? Or, the outside of your refrigerator? Or, the walls behind and the floor underneath?

And, when was the last time you cleaned – and applied sanitizer – to the counter under the microwave? How about the underside of the microwave? Or the the cord and plug? Coffee maker? Fryer? Radio clock? Salt and pepper shakers?  How about the cat and the dog dish? Using plastic gloves, I hope.

And, when was the last time you completely emptied your refrigerator (or freezer), threw everything away, sanitized the surfaces with hot water (graced with robust chemicals), took microbiological samples, sent them  to an accredited lab, and then waited for the results to come back entirely negative before allowing any food to be replaced? And, what if we asked (or, forced) ourselves to do this every day? Although I may be wrong, I’m relatively certain most consumers would baulk at the idea.

Nevertheless, in meat processing establishments, a full shift each day is dedicated to cleaning and sanitizing the facility. All of the equipment (after disassembly), conveyor belts, walls, ceilings and floors are carefully showered with high-pressure steaming water, along with powerful sanitizers, designed to remove and kill any potential contaminants. And, once this eight hour shift is finished, and once all the equipment is reassembled, FSIS will not allow the facility to start making any food again until its inspectors conduct a thorough inspection and give their explicit approval. These inspectors, of course, remain in these facilities throughout the day.

On the other hand, we also know that most consumers spend little time thinking about the potential food safety dangers lurking in their kitchen. And even fewer take the time they really should to make sure everything is both sterile and clean.

Don’t get me wrong. This is not to say, of course, that consumers in all instances should be held to a higher standard than meat processors. I’m only saying that things should be kept in perspective. One way we can all work together to lower the incidence of food-borne illness is by bringing the cleanliness of our own kitchens to the same standard as many of the companies that supply our food.

In this regard, the following article authored by Jenilee Matz, M.P.H., a Staff Writer for www.myOptumHealth.com provides some great pointers:

Think your kitchen is squeaky-clean? Sure, it may appear spotless. But just because you don't see any crumbs does not mean your kitchen is sterile. Billions of tiny germs may have made themselves at home in your kitchen sink, on your counter tops, stove and everywhere else.

Germs live on every surface of your kitchen - from the buttons on the stove to your sink sponge to the coffee pot. But not all germs are bad. Good ones work hard in the digestive tract to keep us healthy. But others, like viruses that cause the flu and bacteria that cause food-borne illness, can make you really sick.

Washing your hands and wiping down counter tops are good first steps, but there's more you can do. Here are 10 tips for a germ-free kitchen:

  1. Wash your hands properly. Use warm, soapy water and rub hands together for at least 20 seconds. Thoroughly scrub hands, wrists, fingernails and in between fingers. Rinse and dry hands with a paper towel and use the paper towel to turn off the faucet. Wash your hands:
    • Before and after handling food or eating;
    • After using the bathroom;
    • After changing diapers;
    • After handling animals and animal waste;
    • After touching something dirty (for example, after taking out the trash or using a tissue);
    • Before and after caring for a sick person;
    • Whenever they look [or feel] dirty.
  2. Use paper towels to clean kitchen surfaces. Make sure to use them for one task only. Wiping down one surface and then cleaning another with the same towel can spread bacteria. If you use non-disposable cleaning cloths, clean them in the washing machine often. If you use sponges, microwave them each day for 30 seconds or wash them in the dishwasher. Germs grow when materials are moist.
  3. Scrub your sink when cooking, especially if you are using it for different jobs while making your meal - like thawing chicken, preparing veggies and washing utensils.
  4. Use hot, soapy water to clean your pots, cutting boards, dishes, utensils and counter tops before and after preparing food.
  5. Sanitize all kitchen surfaces [at least] once each week for added protection against bacteria. Don't forget about door and cupboard handles, faucets and trash cans. Use a kitchen disinfectant or a diluted bleach solution (mix 1 teaspoon of bleach with 1 quart of water). The bleach solution needs to sit on the surface for about 10 minutes to be effective. Dry the surface with clean paper towels.
  6. Clean your can opener regularly. This is an excellent place for germs to hide and grow. Wash it with hot, soapy water.
  7. Disinfect the kitchen sink drain and disposal [at least] once or twice a week. Do so by pouring a diluted bleach solution (mix 1 teaspoon of bleach with 1 quart of water) down the drain. Bacteria can grow on food that gets stuck in the drain and disposal.
  8. Clean the inside of your microwave and refrigerator once each week. Wipe up spills right away and clean surfaces with hot, soapy water. Once a week, go through your fridge and throw out expired foods.
  9. Replace wooden items often. Wooden utensils and cutting boards can develop cracks where bacteria can hide.
  10. Be extra diligent about cleaning when someone in your home is sick to stop germs from spreading. Wash your hands and surfaces more often.

In any event, following these simple steps can greatly reduce the risk and potential of contracting a food-borne illness. And although most consumers would likely feel that cleaning their kitchen for at least 8 hours each day may be a bit too much, we are hopeful some would agree that at least once a week is enough.