Defending Food Safety : Food Safety Defense Lawyer & Attorney : Gass Weber Mullins Law Firm : National Food Product Defense Counsel : Defending Food Safety Blog

According to the USDA, Huntington Meat Packing (of Montebello, California) has announced a voluntary and precautionary recall of approximately 864,000 pounds of ground beef products.

The following products, produced between February 19, 2008 and May 15, 2008, and January 5, 2010 and January 15, 2010, are subject to the recall:

• 40 lb. boxes of "Huntington Meats Ground Beef"
• 40 lb. boxes of "HUNTINGTON MEAT PKG. INC. BEEF GROUND FOR FURTHER PROCESSING"
• 40 lb. boxes of "BEEF BURRITO FILLING MIX"
• 10 lb. boxes of "IMPERIAL MEAT CO. GROUND BEEF PATTY"
• 20 lb. boxes of "IMPERIAL MEAT CO. GROUND BEEF PATTY"
• 10 lb. boxes of "El Rancho MEAT & PROVISION ALL BEEF PATTIES"

Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 17967" inside the USDA mark of inspection on the label. The products were shipped to distribution centers, restaurants, and hotels within the State of California. Click on the following link to view the FSIS Recall Release.

The problem was discovered during a Food Safety Assessment (FSA) by FSIS personnel. During a review of the establishment's records, FSIS determined that these products could potentially be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. While these products are normally used fresh, the establishment announced a broader recall because of the possibility that some products could still be frozen and in commerce. Media and consumer questions regarding the recall should be directed to the company owner, Robert Glenn, at (888) 894-8242.

To date, there have been no reported illnesses associated with the consumption of these products. FSIS also reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

FEBRUARY 12, 2010 UPDATE:

Based upon the results of an ongoing FSIS Food Safety Investigation, the agency has announced that the recall originally announced on January 18, 2010 has been expanded to include approximately 4.9 millions pounds of beef and veal products produced at the plant between January 22, 2009 and January 4, 2010.  Click on the following link to view the FSIS Expanded Recall Release.

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The USDA's Agricultural Research Service (“ARS”) has announced that its scientists have developed two vaccines that might reduce the spread of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle.

"Preventing E. coli O157:H7 from proliferating inside cattle helps limit contamination of meat at the packinghouse, and reduces shedding of the microbe," ARS said in a statement. "Manure-borne E. coli can sometimes be moved by rainfall into drinking water. What's more, in some instances, it can end up in irrigation water, and can potentially contaminate fruits, vegetables and other crops, increasing risk of an outbreak of food-borne illness."

The first form of the vaccine is comprised of cells of a strain of E. coli O157:H7 that lacks a gene called hha. A second form of the vaccine contains an E. coli strain that lacks both hha and a second gene, sepB. In each of the vaccines the E. coli strain produces immunogenic proteins, which trigger an immune system response that prevents E. coli O157:H7 from successfully colonizing in cattle intestines.

In preliminary tests, 3-month-old Holstein calves were immunized with a placebo or either form of the vaccine. Six weeks later, the animals received a dose of E. coli O157:H7 and for the next 18 days, their manure was tested for evidence of the microbe. Calves that received either vaccine had reduced or non-detectable levels of E. coli within only a few days after being inoculated with the bacteria.

Research microbiologists Vijay K. Sharma and Thomas A. Casey developed the vaccines in their laboratories at the agency's National Animal Disease Center in Ames, Iowa.

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According to the USDA, National Steak and Poultry announced a voluntary a precautionary recall of approximately 248,000 pounds of beef products.

Based upon preliminary epidemiological data, the CDC and FSIS believed there was a possible association between limited numbers of E. coli O157:H7 illnesses and the consumption of certain steak products. Many illnesses, however, showed no connection to National Steak or the beef products it processed.

Nevertheless, in an abundance of caution, the company announced a precautionary recall of certain products. Click on the following link to view a copy of the FSIS Recall Release. The investigation is continuing, and the original source of the contamination has yet to be determined.

FSIS also reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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On November 17, 2009, Fairbury Steaks issued a voluntary and precautionary recall of fresh ground beef. The recall followed an announcement by FSIS that routine regulatory samples collected from the processor had tested positive for E. coli O157:H7. But, did FSIS make a mistake? And, was Fairbury wrongfully accused?

The sample collected by FSIS was taken from a 90 pound batch of finished product. The finished product was processed by Fairbury using frozen beef from another supplier. The frozen beef was sold to Fairbury with a certificate of analysis, documenting that it had been tested for E. coli, and that all tests were negative. In turn, all 90 pounds, once ground, were destined for a single Nebraska restaurant.

According to Dennis Brown, Fairbury’s owner, the ground beef collected for the routine FSIS sampling was collected from a single bag. The contents of the bag were then split in half – one half for FSIS and one half for Midwest Laboratories of Omaha (Fairbury’s own, third-party lab). According to Brown, Fairbury learned on November 14, 2009 that its sample was negative. Three days later, however, the USDA reported that its sample was positive.

What to do? Well, based solely upon its own testing, FSIS urged Fairbury to recall all 90 pounds of ground beef shipped to the Nebraska restaurant. Click on the following link to view the FSIS Recall Release.  And, although the company followed FSIS’ recommendation, Fairbury was not convinced that its meat was contaminated with E. coli.

To satisfy its own concerns, Fairbury recovered all 90 pounds of ground beef it had shipped to the Nebraska restaurant. The company then took samples from each of the nine packages that were returned, and had all nine samples tested by Midwest.

To assure the integrity of sampling, two FSIS representatives watched Brown cut open the nine packages of recalled beef, collect the nine samples, and then ship the samples to Midwest. In turn, all the samples from all the packages, plus a sample from a replacement shipment to the customer (which was included in the collection), tested negative for E. coli.

Although a negative result does not necessarily prove the absence of the pathogen, the numerous and multiple negative test results from the recalled product raise significant questions about the reliability and limits of regulatory testing, the potential for mistakes in governmental laboratories, and the amount of safe product companies are, in some instances, being asked to destroy. Although this recall involved only 90 pounds, the next may involve 900,000.

When asked about the contradictory test results, Brown admitted he's a bit confused. Given the number of negative samples from the recalled product, Brown believes that FSIS either had a false positive or there was cross-contamination in the government's lab.

Unfortunately, Neil Gaffney, a spokesman for FSIS, declined to comment on either possibility – including the history or extent of FSIS false positives.

Thus, in the absence of any response, it appears that the real answer in this case, like the ground beef that was recalled, could potentially have been a bit too much (for at least some) to swallow...

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Following recent media coverage involving the regulation of our food supply, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack issued a statement highlighting the continuing efforts of USDA to ensure that our food remains as safe as it can be. Click on the following link to view the USDA Statement.

“Over the last eight months since President Obama took office,” said Vilsack, “the USDA has been aggressive in its efforts to improve food safety, and has been an active partner in establishing and contributing to President Obama's Food Safety Working Group.”

"Protecting public health is the sole mission of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. FSIS has continued to make improvements to reduce the presence of E. coli O157:H7 and the agency is committed to working to reduce the incidence of food-borne illnesses caused by this pathogen.

"Shortly after coming into office, the Administration created a high-level Food Safety Working Group to coordinate food safety policies, focus greater resources on prevention, and improve response to outbreaks. Since doing so, we have taken the following actions:

• Launched an initiative to cut down E. Coli contamination (including in particular contamination from E. Coli O157:H7) and as part of that initiative, stepped-up meat facility inspections involving greater use of sampling to monitor the products going into ground beef;

• Appointed a chief medical officer within USDA's Food Safety Inspection Service to reaffirm its role as a public health agency;

• Issued draft guidelines for industry to further reduce the risk of O157 contamination;

• Started testing additional components of ground beef, including bench trim, and issuing new instructions to our employees asking that they verify that plants follow sanitary practices in processing beef carcasses; and

• Designed the Public Health Information System (PHIS) in response to lessons learned in past outbreaks.

According to Vilsack, "the USDA is also looking at ways to enhance trace back methods and will initiate a rulemaking in the near future to require all grinders, including establishments and retail stores, to keep accurate records of the sources of each lot of ground beef."

"No priority is greater to me than food safety," said Vilsack, "and I am firmly committed to taking the steps necessary to reduce the incidence of food-borne illness and protect the American people from preventable illnesses. We will continue to make improvements to reduce the presence of E. coli 0157:H7."

Because there is no technology (with the exception of irradiation or cooking), however, to ensure that raw animal products can be made sterile, FSIS continues to remind consumers that thoroughly cooking raw animal products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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All living creatures carry bacteria, and cattle are no exception. For this reason, naturally occurring pathogens may always remain, at least to some extent, an inherent part of the food we eat. And, according to new research, this basic tenet holds true whether beef cattle are raised conventionally, organically or even naturally.

In new study conducted by Kansas State University, researchers have found that the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle that are organically or naturally raised is no different than the prevalence in cattle raised conventionally. The study also found that, when compared to conventionally raised beef cattle, organic and natural production had no impact on the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria.

As part of the recent study, researchers collected fecal samples from both organically and naturally raised beef cattle, and then tested for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Results showed prevalence rates of 14.8% in organically raised cattle, and 14.2% in naturally raised cattle. According to the researchers, the E. coli levels were comparable to those previously identified in cattle that had been conventionally raised. Additionally, when the minimum inhibitory concentration of a variety of antibiotics for E. coli O157:H7 isolates were analyzed to determine the effects of all three production systems, no significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility was found. The findings of the study are detailed in the August 2009 issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Notably, in response to a recent increase in reported food-borne illness outbreaks, and a corresponding shift in consumer demand for organic and natural foods, many cattle farmers have considered shifting toward organic-based production methods. The new study suggests, however, that although organically and naturally raised beef may be popular for their assumed health benefits, neither have demonstrated any effect on the prevalence of naturally occurring pathogens.

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At a recent conference focused on the prevention of E. coli, the USDA came prepared to comment on its current thinking relating to new and emerging policy initiatives. In turn, Dan Engeljohn (Deputy Assistant Administrator of the FSIS Office of Policy and Program Development) offered a number of pointed observations.

In cases involving a further processor which commingles raw materials from multiple suppliers, it can sometimes be difficult to trace the source of a subsequent outbreak to a single supplier. As a result, Engeljohn explained that the USDA is currently analyzing the merits of using the internal microbiological testing data generated by a further processor of product testing positive for pathogens to help the agency trace the pathogen back to the originating slaughter facility.

With respect to slaughter facilities themselves, Engeljohn also announced that the USDA may issue criteria for assessing prudent "high event day determinations.” Although the USDA concedes that 100 percent testing at any large slaughter operation would likely produce at least some positives during any given day of production, Engeljohn noted further that a large number of positives in a short period of time could potentially be a red flag.

Engeljohn also confirmed that the USDA is continuing its work on validating the methodology for testing and identifying non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STECS), from six serogroups (O26, O103, O111, O121, O45 and O145), in FSIS samples. Once sufficient baseline data can be collected and assessed, the agency will likely make a determination whether to classify any of these pathogens as adulterants in raw ground product. In addition, although whole-intact cuts of beef containing E. coli O157:H7 are not considered adulterated under current law, Engeljohn suggested that USDA is continuing to consider whether it may someday modify this standard.

Moving forward, we will, of course, continue to report on new and emerging developments.

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According to FSIS, Sterling Pacific Meat Co. has announced a voluntary recall of approximately 3,516 pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.

The ground beef products affected by the voluntary recall were produced by the company (located in California) on May 18, 2009, and were distributed at the wholesale level to food service companies, who further distributed the product to restaurants in California and Arizona. FSIS has no reason to believe that the products are available for sale in commerce. Click on the following link to view the FSIS Recall Release.

The specific products subject to recall include:

Fatburger Brand:

• 20-pound packages of "8 oz. PUCK (80/20) GROUND BEEF PATTIES."

• 10-pound "2.5 oz. BABY GROUND BEEF PATTIES."

Cattleman's Choice Brand:

• 12-pound packages of "6 oz ROUND 80 % LEAN PURE GROUND BEEF PATTIES." Each package bears the identifying case code "13627."

• 12-pound packages of "(3/1) ROUND 80% LEAN PURE GROUND BEEF PATTY." Each package bears the identifying case code "13582."

• 12-pound packages of "(3/1) ROUND 80% LEAN GROUND BEEF PATTIES." Each package bears the identifying case code "10457" and the pack date "05/18/2009."

• 12-pound packages of "GROUND BEEF PATTY (8/1) SLIDER 80% LEAN." Each package bears the identifying case code "13657" and the pack date "05/18/2009."

• 12-pound packages of "(4/1) ROUND 85% LEAN PURE GROUND BEEF PATTY." Each package bears the identifying case code "13575" and the pack date "05/18/2009."

• 12-pound packages of "PURE GROUND BEEF PATTY 7oz WIDE PATTY 80% LEAN." Each package bears the identifying case code "13520" and the pack date "05/18/2009."

• 12-pound packages of "PURE GROUND BEEF PATTY (7/1) ROUND PATTY 80% LEAN." Each package bears the identifying case code "13577" and the pack date "05/18/2009."

• 11.80-pound packages of "PURE GROUND BEEF PATTIES 7 oz ROUND 80% LEAN." Each package bears the identifying case code "13520" or "13561" and the pack date "05/18/2009."

The packages also bear the establishment number "EST. 550" within the USDA Mark of Inspection and advise "KEEP REFRIGERATED" and/or "KEEP FROZEN."

The problem was discovered by FSIS during a review of the establishment's records. To date, there have been no reported illnesses associated with the consumption of these products. FSIS also reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

AUGUST 15, 2009 UPDATE:

Please note that the FSIS Recall Release was on updated Aug 15, 2009 to correct a product description in the original release. The updated release makes it clear that one of the recalled brands is "Cattleman's Choice," not "Stock Yards Brand." "Stock Yards Brand" products are not subject to this recall. Please note that product labels subject to recall are similar, but recalled products would read "Cattleman's Choice" instead of "Stock Yards Brand."

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Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius have announced that “prevention and partnership” will guide their departments' efforts to safeguard our food supply. These announcements are based on the public health principles embraced by the White House Food Safety Working Group led by Sebelius and Vilsack.

According to Vilsack, "making prevention a priority is critical to reducing food-borne illness and one of the three food safety principles of President Obama's Food Safety Working Group.” In turn, Vilsack and Sebelius announced the following new initiatives designed to accomplish these goals.

Beef Safety - E. Coli Testing Of Bench Trimmings

For starters, the USDA's Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) is issuing guidance for inspectors to begin conducting routine sampling of bench trim for E. coli. In the past, the FSIS had not routinely tested bench trim. Rather, FSIS started E. coli O157:H7 testing with ground beef, and expanded testing to other beef components used in ground beef. Bench trim, which will now be tested as well, includes pieces left over from steaks and other cuts that are then used to make ground beef. FSIS is also issuing streamlined, consolidated instructions to its personnel for inspection, sampling and other actions to help reduce E. coli O157:H7 in beef. Click on the following link to view a copy of the FSIS Sampling Notice.

Produce Safety – New Draft Guidance

Secretary Sebelius also praised new draft guidances prepared by the FDA, an agency within HHS, aimed at minimizing contamination in leafy greens, tomatoes, and melons. According to Sebelius, "the proposed controls provide a guide for growers and processors to follow so they may better protect their produce from becoming contaminated." The draft guidances also represent a shift in strategy for the FDA, from a food safety system that often has been reactive to one that is based on preventing food-borne hazards. Click on the following link for information on the Draft FDA Guidances.

Although the new controls are aimed at preventing contamination in the first instance, Secretary Sebelius also confirmed that consumers play a vital role in ensuring the safety of the fresh produce they eat. In turn, she offered the following tips from the CDC:

• Buy wisely. Don't buy produce that is bruised or damaged. When buying fresh cut produce, choose only items that are refrigerated or surrounded by ice.

• Refrigerate promptly. Certain perishable fresh fruits and vegetables (e.g., strawberries, lettuce, herbs, and mushrooms) should be stored in a clean refrigerator at a temperature of 40ºF or below. If you aren't sure whether an item should be refrigerated, ask your grocer. Produce that is purchased pre-cut or peeled should be refrigerated within two hours.

• Prepare produce with clean hands. Wash hands for 20 seconds with warm water and soap before and after preparing fresh produce.

• Wash produce thoroughly. Rinse fruits and vegetables under running water. Scrub firm produce such as melons and cucumbers with a clean produce brush. All unpackaged fruits and vegetables, as well as those packaged and not marked pre-washed, should be thoroughly rinsed before eating. This includes produce grown conventionally or organically at home, or produce from a grocery store or farmer's market.

• Do not cross contaminate. Don't give bacteria the opportunity to spread from one food to another. Consider using one cutting board only for foods that will be cooked such as raw meat, and another one for ready-to-eat foods such as raw fruits and vegetables.

According to FDA Commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg, the new draft guidances embody the Administration’s and FDA’s prevention-oriented food safety strategy.” She also confirmed that, while the proposals are still in draft form, “they will be made final as soon as possible after public comment, and will be followed within two years by enforceable standards for fresh produce.”

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Researchers at the University of Arkansas have discovered some new ways to greatly inhibit the presence of pathogens in food.

According to a recent study, infusing chicken meat with a combination of organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric) and select plant extracts (from grape seeds and green tea) can drastically reduce the amounts of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium that may be present.

Not suprisingly, even better results were obtained when the expirimental technique was coupled with small amounts of irradiation.  In this regard, the researchers believe that a combination of organic acids and plant extracts, coupled with very small amounts of irradiation, could ultimately provide the optimal amount of protection against a wide range of food-borne illnesses.

According to Navam Hettiarachchy, a UA food science professor who supervised the project, "we want to determine the least amount of plant extracts that we can use, and the least amount of irradiation dosage, to get the best inhibitory effect."

Although research is continuing, Hettiarachchy has confirmed that at least one poultry company has expressed interest in the project. In turn, to achieve the maximum food safety benefit, Hettiarachchy also remains "hopeful that, with time, the public will become aware of irradiation processing so that they accept [the technology]." 

Although we'll leave it to others to interpret those tea leaves, we will, at the very least, continue to report on new developments. 

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According to FSIS, the Edward S. Miller Packing Company has announced a voluntary recall of approximately 219 pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.

The ground beef products affected by the voluntary recall were produced by the company (located in Montgomery, Illinois) between July 7 and July 10, 2009, and were distributed to consumers and restaurants in northern Illinois. Click on the link to view the FSIS Recall Release.

The specific products subject to recall include:

• 10-pound vacuum-packed bags of bulk "Edward S. Miller Packing Co. Ground Beef." Each bag bears the establishment number "EST. 34342" inside the USDA mark of inspection, and the case codes of "070709," "070809," "070909" or "071009."

• 12- and 15-pound boxes of "Edward S. Miller Packing Co. Ground Beef Patties." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 34342" inside the USDA mark of inspection and case codes of "070709," "070809," "070909" or "071009."

The problem was discovered through FSIS microbiological sampling. According to FSIS, there have been no reports of illnesses associated with these products. FSIS also reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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On June 24, 2009, the JBS Swift Beef Company announced a voluntary recall of approximately 41,280 pounds of beef products. After consultation with the FSIS, and following a thorough review of its own records, the company has voluntarily expanded its initial recall to include an additional 380,000 pounds of select intact beef primal products. Click on the following link to view the FSIS Recall Release.

According to FSIS, the expanded recall was initiated voluntarily by JBS Swift, in an abundance of caution, as a result of an ongoing investigation by the CDC of numerous E. coli O157:H7 illnesses in multiple states. According to the company, the FSIS had indicated that some of these illnesses could potentially be associated with ground beef products further processed (by JBS Swift’s customers) from whole intact cuts. Click on the following link to view the JBS Release.

The beef products affected by the expanded recall were produced in Greeley, Colorado on April 21, 2009, and were distributed both nationally and internationally. Click on the following link to view a list of those products subject to the expanded recall.

Each box of recalled product bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, an identifying package date of "042109," and a time stamp ranging from "0618" to "1130." The recalled products include intact cuts of beef, such as primals, sub-primals, or boxed beef typically used for steaks and roasts (rather than for ground beef). As noted, however, because some of these products may have been further processed by downstream customers into ground beef, the final packaging may not bear the establishment number "EST. 969." As a result, FSIS is advising customers with concerns to contact their point of purchase.

FSIS also reminds consumers that, whether beef products are ground or intact, cooking beef products to 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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The JBS Swift Beef Company has announced a voluntary recall of approximately 41,280 pounds of beef products, following the discovery of E. coli O157:H7 during FSIS microbiological sampling, and an investigation involving the distribution of all potentially affected products.

The products affected by the recall were produced by JBS Swift (in Greeley, Colorado) on April 21 and 22, 2009, and were distributed to distributors and retail establishments in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah and Wisconsin.

The specific products subject to recall include:

• Boxes of "USDA CHOICE OR HIGHER, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/DN S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "21852."

• Boxes of "USDA CHOICE OR HIGHER, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "21853."

• Boxes of "Swift, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/DN S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "31852."

• Boxes of "Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "31853."

• Boxes of "Swift, USDA SELECT, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/DN S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "33852."

• Boxes of "USDA SELECT, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "33853."

• Boxes of "BLACK ANGUS, Swift Premium, BEEF, USDA CHOICE OR HIGHER, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "41853."

• Boxes of "BLACK ANGUS, Swift Premium, BEEF, USDA CHOICE OR HIGHER, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "41853."

• Boxes of "Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/DN S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, an identifying package date of "042109" and a case code of "79852."

• Boxes of "Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, an identifying package date of "042109" and a case code of "79853."

• Boxes of "USDA CHOICE OR HIGHER, Bnls Beef Bottom Sirloin, Butt Ball Tip 2/UP S/T." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, identifying package dates of "042109" or "042209" and a case code of "90853."

All raw meat products carry federally-mandated safe-handling labels.  In turn, FSIS reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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A voluntary recall of approximately 6,152 pounds of ground beef has been announced by the International Meat Company following the discovery of E. coli O157:H7 during routine FSIS product sampling.

The ground beef products affected by the recall were processed by the company (located in Chicago, Illinois) between June 17, 2009 and June 19, 2009. In turn, the products were shipped to distributors and restaurants throughout the Chicago metropolitan area.

The specific products subject to recall include:

• 5-pound, plastic-lined boxes of "International Meat Co., PURVEYOR OF FINE MEATS TO HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS, BEEF PATTIES." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 22080" inside the USDA mark of inspection and identifying package codes of "061709," "061809" or "061909."

• "5- and 10-pound bags of bulk "International Meat Co., BEEF PATTIE MIX." Each bag bears the establishment number "EST. 22080" inside the USDA mark of inspection and identifying package codes of "061709," "061809" or "061909."

• "10-pound bags of "International Meat Co., GROUND BEEF." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 22080" inside the USDA mark of inspection and identifying package codes of "061709," "061809" or "061909."

• "10-pound bags of "Packed For, Purely Gourmet & Organic, Ground Beef." Each box bears the establishment number "EST. 22080" inside the USDA mark of inspection and identifying package codes of "061709," "061809" or "061909."

The problem was discovered through routine FSIS microbiological sampling. FSIS has confirmed, as well, that have not been any illnesses associated with the consumption of these products. FSIS also reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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Defending food-borne illness cases throughout the country, we understand better than anyone the uncertianty surrounding recent reports that raw Nestle cookie dough may be the source of an ongoing nationwide E. coli O157:H7 outbreak. Although, historically, E. coli has been linked to outbreaks involving water, spinach, lettuce, alfalfa sprouts, fruit juices, salami, cheese, and raw (or, undercooked) meat, cookie dough has never been implicated.

Nevertheless, since March 2009, federal and state investigators have been attempting to identify the likely source of a nationwide E. coli outbreak which has affected about 66 people in 28 states. To date, about 25 individuals have been hospitalized.

Although the true source of the ongoing outbreak remains uncertain, health officials recently announced that a number of cases associated with the outbreak reportedly consumed raw Nestle Toll House cookie dough prior to the onset of their illnesses.

In Colorado, for example, of five cases recently linked to the nationwide outbreak, four reported eating raw cookie dough. Nevertheless, although such reports may suggest an association with a particular food, epidemiology alone (without the added benefit of microbiological confirmation in an implicated product) is often insufficient to determine the cause of an outbreak. For this reason, Alicia Cronquist, an epidemiologist with the Colorado Department of Health (“CDH”), stated further that, although we want consumers to be aware, "[w]e can't be certain that raw cookie dough is the source of these infections." Click on the following link to view the CDH Press Release.

Despite lingering uncertainty, these reports prompted an immediate response from Nestle. Noting that the safety of consumers is paramount, and although E. coli has not been isolated from any of its products, the company elected, in an abundance of caution, to issue an immediate, voluntary and precautionary nationwide recall of refrigerated Nestlé Toll House cookie dough products. In turn, Nestle spokeswoman Roz O'Hearn confirmed that "this has been a very quickly moving situation." O'Hearn highlighted further that, after learning of a potential problem, "the company took action in less than 24 hours." Click on the following link to view the Nestle Press Release.

Thus, as the investigation continues, both Nestle and health officials have asked consumers not to eat prepackaged refrigerated cookie dough. The precautionary recall includes refrigerated cookie bar dough, cookie dough tub, cookie dough tubes, limited edition cookie dough items, seasonal cookie dough and Ultimates cookie bar dough. It does not, however, affect any other Toll House products. Click on the following link to view the FDA Recall Release (and list of affected products).

While Nestle is working closely with the FDA to determine whether any of its products are indeed implicated, the Minnesota Department of Health (“MDH”) is testing products collected from retail stores and from ill consumers' homes. Currently, the MDH is investigating six cases with onset dates between May 3 and June 11. Click on the following link to view the MDH News Release.

Finally, it should be noted that, regardless of the ultimate source of the outbreak, consumers should never eat raw cookie dough. According to Carlota Medus, an epidemiologist with the MDH, “cookie dough, whether purchased in a tub from the store, or made at home from scratch, should not be eaten raw.”  This, of course, is because many raw products can potentially carry pathogens that might cause illness if improperly handled and prepared.  This is also why the labels on raw cookie dough clearly state that the products should always be baked before consumption.  When properly handled and prepared (and cooked to an internal temperature of at least 165 degrees), cookies make from raw dough are perfectly safe for consumption.

In any event, the safety and quality of its products, says Nestle, is a non-negotiable priority. For this reason, the company has apologized for any inconvenience caused by the precautionary recall.

And, until a source is conclusively determined, we of course will continue to provide updates on the continuing investigation.

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A voluntary recall of approximately 39,973 pounds of ground beef products was announced today by SP Provisions, following the discovery of E. coli O157:H7 during routine product sampling.

The ground beef products affected by the recall were processed by the company (located in Portland, Oregon) on various dates between April 8, 2009 and May 28, 2009. In turn, the products were distributed to retail establishments, hotels, restaurants and other institutions in Oregon and Washington. Click on the following link to view the FSIS Recall Release. The ground beef products subject to recall include:

Cascade Natural Beef Brand:

• 5-pound and 10-pound bags of ground beef. Each package bears the identifying case code "13-016G."
• 5-pound and 10-pound bags of chili grind. Each package bears the identifying case code "13-016C."
• 15-pound boxes of ground beef patties. Each package bears the identifying case code "13-016GP.

SP Provisions Brand:

• 5-pound and 10-pound bags of ground beef. Each package bears the identifying case code "01-136."
• 5-pound and 10-pound bags of chili grind. Each package bears the identifying case code "01-136C."
• 15-pound boxes of ground beef patties. Each package bears the identifying case code "01-136P."

All of the ground beef products affected by the recall, which had been produced from the same source materials, were shipped into commerce prior to May 29, 2009. Each identifying case code is preceded by the date code "040809" through "052809," signifying the production date in "month/date/year" format (i.e. April 8, 2009 through May 28, 2009). Additionally, each of the affected products bears the establishment number "EST. 2866" inside the USDA mark of inspection.

Notably, FSIS has has confirmed that have not been any illnesses associated with the consumption of these products. FSIS also reminds consumers that thoroughly cooking raw beef products to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will destroy any pathogens that may be present, and will render the products safe.

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The Ohio Department of Health is currently investigating a potential E. coli O157:H7 outbreak involving numerous cases in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois.

In turn, Valley Meats LLC (a Coal Valley, Illinois, company) announced a precautionary and voluntarily recall of certain ground beef products after learning the products could potentially be associated with reported illnesses. This possible association was announced by the Ohio Department of Health as part of its ongoing epidemiological investigation.

Approximately 95,898 pounds of ground beef were affected by this voluntary and precautionary recall. The products at issue were produced on March 10, 2009, bear establishment number “EST. 5712,” and were sold nationwide to numerous distributors. Several Valley Meats brands were included in the recall, including 3S, Grillmaster, J & B, Klub, Thick 'N Savory and Ultimate. Click on the following link to view a complete list of products affected by the recall.

Because all raw ground beef products can potentially carry harmful bacteria, the USDA instructs consumers to only eat ground beef patties that have been thoroughly cooked to an internal temperature of 160°. Thoroughly cooking raw beef will destroy any pathogens that might be present, and render the products perfectly safe.

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Bob's Food City, a retailer in Hot Springs, Arkansas, has voluntarilly recalled approximately 375 pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.

The ground beef products subject to recall were sold as tray packs of varying weights bearing a "Sell By" date of "05/09/09." The products subject to recall include:

• 1-pound through 5-pound tray packs of "GROUND BEEF CHUCK," "GROUND ROUND" or "REGULAR GROUND BEEF." Each pack bears a sell by date of "05/09/09." There is no USDA mark of inspection on the tray packs.

The ground beef was produced on May 7, 2009, and was sold to customers of the Bob's Food City retail store located at 800 Malvern Avenue, in Hot Springs, Ark. The problem was discovered through FSIS routine sampling procedures. Click on the following link to view the FSIS Recall Release.

To date, there have not been any reports of alleged illness due to the consumption of these products. To be sure, thouroughly cooking ground beef patties to an internal temperature of 160 degrees will kill any pathogens that might potentially be present, and render the product perfectly safe.

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The USDA has granted a conditional license for the nation's first E. coli O157:H7 cattle vaccine. The vaccine is designed to reduce the level of E. coli O157:H7 in the intestines of host cattle, and to prevent the bacteria from spreading in feed lots.

Although additional efficacy tests still need to be conducted, the conditional license granted by the USDA will allow Epitopix LLC, the manufacturer of the vaccine, to begin offering the product for sale. The company developed the vaccine along with researchers from Kansas State University and West Texas A&M University.

During testing, researchers conducted a challenge study, a natural infection trial, and two large-pen field studies of the vaccine at commercial feedlots. According to reports, the vaccine reduced the number of cattle testing positive for the O157:H7 bacteria by 85 percent. Of the animals that did test positive for the pathogen, the vaccine reportedly eliminated 98 percent of the bacteria. "Those are impressive numbers," said Dr. Michael Doyle, director of the University of Georgia's Center for Food Safety. In turn, Jim Sandstrom, of Epitopix, confirmed that the vaccine “represents a significant breakthrough in the beef industry's ongoing effort to reduce E. coli O157:H7."

Following additional studies, Epitopix will likely gain full approval for the vaccine. The company estimates that, eventually, the vaccine will protect as many as 10 million cattle every year (about 1/4 of the country's annual cattle supply), and will likely cost less than $10 per head. One of the country's largest beef producers has already expressed interest in purchasing the vaccine.

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The Food Safety Inspection Service ("FSIS") has issued a new Notice (18-09), detailing its changes in sampling frequency for E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef. According to the notice, FSIS will be increasing sampling at high volume ground beef establishments at the following monthly rates:

• Up to four times within a 30-day window for establishments with ground beef product production volumes of greater than 250,000 pounds per day;

• Up to three times within a 30-day window for establishments with ground beef product production volumes of 50,000 to 250,000 pounds per day;

• Up to two times within a 30-day window for establishments with ground beef product production volumes of 1,000 to 50,000 pounds per day; and

• Generally, no more than once within a 30-day window for establishments with ground beef product production volumes of less than 1,000 pounds per day. However, FSIS will ensure that at these establishments at least one sample is collected quarterly.

According to the FSIS, the increase in sampling will allow the Agency to estimate the amount of uncontaminated raw ground beef with a higher degree of certainty. The Office of Public Health Science and the Office of Data Integration and Food Protection will analyze sample results, and will produce a weekly report on findings. According to the notice, the Office of Data Integration and Food Protection will also analyze the sampling data to identify trends (e.g., geographical, seasonal) and to evaluate program effectiveness (e.g. sample scheduling and collection rates). In addition, the data will be used to calculate a quarterly performance measure of E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef that will likely be included in the Agency’s quarterly performance report.

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• Return to Incubation Periods And Symptoms.
• Return to E. coli O157:H7 Images.
• Return to About E. coli O157:H7.

E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a common bacterial inhabitant of the intestines of all animals, including humans.  It is, in fact, the dominant species of bacteria found in feces, and is known to have hundreds of strains virtually all of which are harmless, or, in some cases, helpful.  Normally, E. coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and synthesizing appreciable amounts of vitamins.

E. coli serotype O157:H7 is a rare variety of E. coli that produces toxins which are capable of inflicting damage to the lining of the intestine. These toxins are closely related or identical to the toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae and are referred to as Shiga toxins. In very rare instances, the infection can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome ("HUS") and kidney failure. E. coli O157:H7 can survive at low temperatures as well as under acidic conditions, and the infectious dose is relatively small.

Undercooked or raw hamburger (ground beef) has been implicated in many outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 but, as previously mentioned, raw or undercooked beef is only one of many potential sources. Historically, outbreaks have implicated water, spinach, alfalfa sprouts, unpasteurized fruit juices, dry-cured salami, lettuce, game meat, and cheese curds. E. coli O157:H7 has also been found in sheep, pigs, goats, poultry, and deer. Wild and domestic animals that live around cattle farms may also harbor this species. Some other risk factors include drinking or swimming in contaminated water, handling animal feces and eating fruit and vegetables fertilized or irrigated with animal manure. Poor personal hygiene (e.g., not washing hands properly) and unsafe food preparation practices also increase the risk of contracting or spreading E. coli.

Infection from E. coli O157:H7 is characterized by mild to severe cramping (abdominal pain) and diarrhea which is initially watery but can become bloody. Some individuals exhibit watery diarrhea only.  Occasionally, vomiting occurs. Fever is typically either low-grade or absent. The illness is usually self-limited, and lasts for only a few days.  As noted, in very rare cases, illness may be complicated by HUS or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Some individuals, the very young in particular, are more suseptible to serious complications. On the opposite end of the spectrum, some infected individuals remain asymptomatic.

Symptoms usually manifest within 2 to 4 days. Most people recover without specific treatment within days after onset. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease.  In fact, it is believed that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Anti-diarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should be avoided.

There are several microbiological methods that can be used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. Unlike typical E. coli, O157:H7 isolates do not ferment sorbitol and are negative with the MUG assay; therefore, these criteria are commonly used for selective isolation. Sorbitol-MacConkey agar has been used extensively to isolate this organism from clinical specimens. Hemorrhagic colitis agar, a selective and differential medium, is used in a direct plating method to isolate O157:H7 from foods. A third procedure uses a Sorbitol-MacConkey medium containing potassium tellurite and Cefixime. Faster testing methods using a variety of technologies, including recombinant DNA methods, are being developed.

As is the case with all foodborne pathogens, safe handling and preventive measures can eliminate the risk of becoming ill from E. coli O157:H7.  Some key preventative measures include:

In the home:

• Cook ground beef to at least 165 degrees Fahrenheit or until the meat is brown and the juices run clear;

• Drink only milk products and fruit juices that have been pasteurized;

• Wash all fruit and vegetables adequately and carefully;

• Wash hands with soap after using the restroom;

• Take special care when handling and disposing of diapers;

• Wash hands before food preparation;

• Wash hands immediately after handling raw meat;

• Take care to clean all kitchen utensils and surfaces after handling raw meat to avoid cross-contamination; and

• Make sure all drinking water has been properly treated.

On the farm:

• Use potable quality water for washing fruit and vegetables;

• Manage fecal waste so as not to contaminate water supplies;

• Avoid spreading fecal material via clothes and shoes and tools; and

• Wash hands with soap after petting or handling animals.

References:

www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2001/010305.htm

www.foodsafety.gov/~mow/chap15.html

www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/ecoli.html#one

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_fs097

Schneider, Keith and Renee M. Goodrich, and Melissa A. Kirby. “Preventing Foodborne Illness: E. coli 0157: H7”. Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida. January, 2003.

Mead, P. S. and P. M. Griffin, 1998: Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lancet 352, 1207-1212.

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